Inbred maize line PHOGP

ABSTRACT

An inbred maize line, designated PH0GP, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PH0GP, methods for producing a maize plant produced by crossing the inbred line PH0GP with itself or with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PH0GP with another maize line or plant.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is in the field of maize breeding, specifically relatingto an inbred maize line designated PH0GP.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The goal of plant breeding is to combine in a single variety or hybridvarious desirable traits. For field crops, these traits may includeresistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to heat and drought,reducing the time to crop maturity, greater yield, and better agronomicquality. With mechanical harvesting of many crops, uniformity of plantcharacteristics such as germination and stand establishment, growthrate, maturity, and plant and ear height, is important.

Field crops are bred through techniques that take advantage of theplant's method of pollination. A plant is self-pollinated if pollen fromone flower is transferred to the same or another flower of the sameplant. A plant is cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower ona different plant.

Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type for manygenerations become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce auniform population of true breeding progeny. A cross between twodifferent homozygous lines produces a uniform population of hybridplants that may be heterozygous for many gene loci. A cross of twoplants each heterozygous at a number of gene loci will produce apopulation of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will not beuniform.

Maize (zea mays L.), often referred to as corn in the United States, canbe bred by both self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Maizehas separate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on thetassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination occurs in maizewhen wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silks that protrude fromthe tops of the ears.

A reliable method of controlling male fertility in plants offers theopportunity for improved plant breeding. This is especially true fordevelopment of maize hybrids, which relies upon some sort of malesterility system. There are several options for controlling malefertility available to breeders, such as: manual or mechanicalemasculation (or detasseling), cytoplasmic male sterility, genetic malesterility, gametocides and the like.

Hybrid maize seed is typically produced by a male sterility systemincorporating manual or mechanical detasseling. Alternate strips of twoinbreds of maize are planted in a field, and the pollen-bearing tasselsare removed from one of the inbreds (female). Providing that there issufficient isolation from sources of foreign maize pollen, the ears ofthe detasseled inbred will be fertilized only from the other inbred(male), and the resulting seed is therefore hybrid and will form hybridplants.

The laborious, and occasionally unreliable, detasseling process can beavoided by using cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) inbreds. Plants of a CMSinbred are male sterile as a result of factors resulting from thecytoplasmic, as opposed to the nuclear, genome. Thus, thischaracteristic is inherited exclusively through the female parent inmaize plants, since only the female provides cytoplasm to the fertilizedseed. CMS plants are fertilized with pollen from another inbred that isnot male-sterile. Pollen from the second inbred may or may notcontribute genes that make the hybrid plants male-fertile. Seed fromdetasseled fertile maize and CMS produced seed of the same hybrid can beblended to insure that adequate pollen loads are available forfertilization when the hybrid plants are grown.

There are several methods of conferring genetic male sterilityavailable, such as multiple mutant genes at separate locations withinthe genome that confer male sterility, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,654,465 and 4,727,219 to Brar et al. and chromosomal translocations asdescribed by Patterson in U.S. Pat. No. 3,861,709 and 3,710,511. Theseand all patents referred to are incorporated by reference. In additionto these methods, Albertsen et al., of Pioneer Hi-Bred, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 07/848,433, have developed a system of nuclear malesterility which includes: identifying a gene which is critical to malefertility; silencing this native gene which is critical to malefertility; removing the native promoter from the essential malefertility gene and replacing it with an inducible promoter; insertingthis genetically engineered gene back into the plant; and thus creatinga plant that is male sterile because the inducible promoter is not "on"resulting in the male fertility gene not being transcribed. Fertility isrestored by inducing, or turning "on", the promoter, which in turnallows the gene that confers male fertility to be transcribed.

There are many other methods of conferring genetic male sterility in theart, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. These methods use avariety of approaches such as delivering into the plant a gene encodinga cytotoxic substance associated with a male tissue specific promoter oran antisense system in which a gene critical to fertility is identifiedand an antisense to that gene is inserted in the plant (see:Fabinjanski, et al. EPO 89/3010153.8 publication no. 329,308 and PCTapplication PCT/CA90/00037 published as WO 90/08828).

Another system useful in controlling male sterility makes use ofgametocides. Gametocides are not a genetic system, but rather a topicalapplication of chemicals. These chemicals affect cells that are criticalto male fertility. The application of these chemicals affects fertilityin the plants only for the growing season in which the gametocide isapplied (see Carlson, Glenn R., U.S. Pat. No. 4,936,904). Application ofthe gametocide, timing of the application and genotype specificity oftenlimit the usefulness of the approach.

The use of male sterile inbreds is but one factor in the production ofmaize hybrids. The development of maize hybrids requires, in general,the development of homozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these lines,and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding and recurrentselection breeding methods are used to develop inbred lines frombreeding populations. Breeding programs combine the genetic backgroundsfrom two or more inbred lines or various other germplasm sources intobreeding pools from which new inbred lines are developed by selfing andselection of desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with otherinbred lines and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated todetermine which of those have commercial potential. Plant breeding andhybrid development are expensive and time consuming processes.

Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two genotypes, each ofwhich may have one or more desirable characteristics that is lacking inthe other or which complements the other. If the two original parents donot provide all the desired characteristics, other sources can beincluded in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superiorplants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In thesucceeding generations the heterozygous condition gives way tohomogeneous lines as a result of self-pollination and selection.Typically in the pedigree method of breeding five or more generations ofselfing and selection is practiced: F₁ →F₂ ; F₃ →F₄ ; F₄ →F₅, etc.

Recurrent selection breeding, backcrossing for example, can be used toimprove an inbred line. Backcrossing can be used to transfer a specificdesirable trait from one inbred or source to an inbred that lacks thattrait. This can be accomplished, for example, by first crossing asuperior inbred (recurrent parent) to a donor inbred (non-recurrentparent), that carries the appropriate gene(s) for the trait in question.The progeny of this cross is then mated back to the superior recurrentparent followed by selection in the resultant progeny for the desiredtrait to be transferred from the non-recurrent parent. After five ormore backcross generations with selection for the desired trait, theprogeny will be heterozygous for loci controlling the characteristicbeing transferred, but will be like the superior parent for most oralmost all other genes. The last backcross generation is then selfed togive pure breeding progeny for the gene(s) being transferred.

A single cross maize hybrid results from the cross of two inbred lines,each of which has a genotype that complements the genotype of the other.The hybrid progeny of the first generation is designated F₁. In thedevelopment of commercial hybrids only the F₁ hybrid plants are sought.Preferred F₁ hybrids are more vigorous than their inbred parents. Thishybrid vigor, or heterosis, can be manifested in many polygenic traits,including increased vegetative growth and increased yield.

The development of a maize hybrid involves three steps: (1) theselection of plants from various germplasm pools for initial breedingcrosses; (2) the selfing of the selected plants from the breedingcrosses for several generations to produce a series of inbred lines,which, although different from each other, breed true and are highlyuniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines with differentinbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny (F₁). During the inbreedingprocess in maize, the vigor of the lines decreases. Vigor is restoredwhen two different inbred lines are crossed to produce the hybridprogeny (F₁). An important consequence of the homozygosity andhomogeneity of the inbred lines is that the hybrid between a definedpair of inbreds will always be the same. Once the inbreds that give asuperior hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can be reproducedindefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the inbred parents ismaintained.

A single cross hybrid is produced when two inbred lines are crossed toproduce the F₁ progeny. A double cross hybrid is produced from fourinbred lines crossed in pairs (A×B and C×D) and then the two F₁ hybridsare crossed again (A×B)×(C×D). Much of the hybrid vigor exhibited by F₁hybrids is lost in the next generation (F₂). Consequently, seed fromhybrids is not used for planting stock.

Hybrid seed production requires elimination or inactivation of pollenproduced by the female parent. Incomplete removal or inactivation of thepollen provides the potential for self pollination. This inadvertentlyself pollinated seed may be unintentionally harvested and packaged withhybrid seed.

Once the seed is planted, it is possible to identify and select theseself pollinated plants. These self pollinated plants will be geneticallyequivalent to the female inbred line used to produce the hybrid.

Typically these self pollinated plants can be identified and selecteddue to their decreased vigor. Female selfs are identified by their lessvigorous appearance for vegetative and/or reproductive characteristics,including shorter plant height, small ear size, ear and kernel shape,cob color, or other characteristics.

Identification of these self pollinated lines can also be accomplishedthrough molecular marker analyses. See, "The Identification of FemaleSelfs in Hybrid Maize: A Comparison Using Electrophoresis andMorphology", Smith, J. S. C. and Wych, R. D., Seed Science andTechnology 14, pp. 1-8 (1995), the disclosure of which is expresslyincorporated herein by reference. Through these technologies, thehomozygosity of the self pollinated line can be verified by analyzingallelic composition at various loci along the genome. Those methodsallow for rapid identification of the invention disclosed herein. Seealso, "Identification of Atypical Plants in Hybrid Maize Seed byPostcontrol and Electrophoresis" Sarca, V. et al., Probleme de GeneticaTeoritica si Aplicata Vol. 20 (1) p. 29-42.

As is readily apparent to one skilled in the art, the foregoing are onlytwo of the various ways by which the inbred can be obtained by thoselooking to use the germplasm. Other means are available, and the aboveexamples are illustrative only.

Maize is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a continuing goalof plant breeders is to develop high-yielding maize hybrids that areagronomically sound based on stable inbred lines. The reasons for thisgoal are obvious: to maximize the amount of grain produced with theinputs used and minimize susceptibility of the crop to pests andenvironmental stresses. To accomplish this goal, the maize breeder mustselect and develop superior inbred parental lines for producing hybrids.This requires identification and selection of genetically uniqueindividuals that occur in a segregating population. The segregatingpopulation is the result of a combination of crossover events plus theindependent assortment of specific combinations of alleles at many geneloci that results in specific genotypes. The probability of selectingany one individual with a specific genotype from a breeding cross isinfinitesimal due to the large number of segregating genes and theunlimited recombinations of these genes, some of which may be closelylinked. However, the genetic variation among individual progeny of abreeding cross allows for the identification of rare and valuable newgenotypes. These new genotypes are neither predictable nor incrementalin value, but rather the result of manifested genetic variation combinedwith selection methods, environments and the actions of the breeder.

Thus, even if the entire genotypes of the parents of the breeding crosswere characterized and a desired genotype known, only a few, if any,individuals having the desired genotype may be found in a largesegregating F₂ population. Typically, however, neither the genotypes ofthe breeding cross parents nor the desired genotype to be selected isknown in any detail. In addition, it is not known how the desiredgenotype would react with the environment. This genotype by environmentinteraction is an important, yet unpredictable, factor in plantbreeding. A breeder of ordinary skill in the art cannot predict thegenotype, how that genotype will interact with various climaticconditions or the resulting phenotypes of the developing lines, exceptperhaps in a very broad and general fashion. A breeder of ordinary skillin the art would also be unable to recreate the same line twice from thevery same original parents as the breeder is unable to direct how thegenomes combine or how they will interact with the environmentalconditions. This unpredictability results in the expenditure of largeamounts of research resources in the development of a superior new maizeinbred line.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, there is provided a novel inbred maize line,designated PH0GP. This invention thus relates to the seeds of inbredmaize line PH0GP, to the plants of inbred maize line PH0GP, and tomethods for producing a maize plant produced by crossing the inbred linePH0GP with itself or another maize line. This invention further relatesto hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred linePH0GP with another maize line.

DEFINITIONS

In the description and examples that follow, a number of terms are usedherein. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of thespecification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms,the following definitions are provided. NOTE: ABS is in absolute termsand % MN is percent of the mean for the experiments in which the inbredor hybrid was grown. These designators will follow the descriptors todenote how the values are to be interpreted. Below are the descriptorsused in the data tables included herein.

ANT ROT=ANTHRACNOSE STALK ROT (Colletotrichum graminicola). A 1 to 9visual rating indicating the resistance to Anthracnose Stalk Rot. Ahigher score indicates a higher resistance.

BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. The percent of plants per plot that were notbarren (lack ears).

BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the stalk breakage near thetime of pollination, and is an indication of whether a hybrid or inbredwould snap or break near the time of flowering under severe winds. Dataare presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.

BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Yield of the grain at harvest in bushelsper acre adjusted to 15.5% moisture.

CLN=CORN LETHAL NECROSIS. Synergistic interaction of maize chloroticmottle virus (MCMV) in combination with either maize dwarf mosaic virus(MDMV-A or MDMV-B) or wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). A 1 to 9 visualrating indicating the resistance to Corn Lethal Necrosis. A higher scoreindicates a higher resistance.

COM RST=COMMON RUST (Puccinia sorghi). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicatingthe resistance to Common Rust. A higher score indicates a higherresistance.

D/D=DRYDOWN. This represents the relative rate at which a hybrid willreach acceptable harvest moisture compared to other hybrids on a 1-9rating scale. A high score indicates a hybrid that dries relatively fastwhile a low score indicates a hybrid that dries slowly.

DIP ERS=DIPLODIA EAR MOLD SCORES (Diplodia maydis and Diplodiamacrospora). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance toDiplodia Ear Mold. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. A measure of the number of dropped ears per plotand represents the percentage of plants that did not drop ears prior toharvest.

D/T=DROUGHT TOLERANCE. This represents a 1-9 rating for droughttolerance, and is based on data obtained under stress conditions. A highscore indicates good drought tolerance and a low score indicates poordrought tolerance.

EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure from the ground to thehighest placed developed ear node attachment and is measured in inches.

EAR MLD=General Ear Mold. Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is verysusceptible and a "9" is very resistant. This is based on overall ratingfor ear mold of mature ears without determining the specific moldorganism, and may not be predictive for a specific ear mold.

EAR SZ=EAR SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating of ear size. The higher therating the larger the ear size.

ECB 1LF=EUROPEAN CORN BORER FIRST GENERATION LEAF FEEDING (Ostrinianubilalis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance topreflowering leaf feeding by first generation European Corn Borer. Ahigher score indicates a higher resistance.

ECB 2IT=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GENERATION INCHES OF TUNNELING(Ostrinia nubilalis). Average inches of tunneling per plant in thestalk.

ECB 2SC=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GENERATION (Ostrinia nubilalis). A 1to 9 visual rating indicating post flowering degree of stalk breakageand other evidence of feeding by European Corn Borer, Second Generation.A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

ECB DPE=EUROPEAN CORN BORER DROPPED EARS (Ostrinia nubilalis). Droppedears due to European Corn Borer. Percentage of plants that did not dropears under second generation corn borer infestation.

EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure of the stand establishmentin the spring and represents the number of plants that emerge on perplot basis for the inbred or hybrid.

EYE SPT=Eye Spot (Kabatiella zeae or Aureobasidium zeae). A 1 to 9visual rating indicating the resistance to Eye Spot. A higher scoreindicates a higher resistance.

FUS ERS=FUSARIUM EAR ROT SCORE (Fusarium moniliforme or Fusariumsubglutinans). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance toFusarium ear rot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

GDU=Growing Degree Units. Using the Barger Heat Unit Theory, whichassumes that maize growth occurs in the temperature range 50° F.-86° F.and that temperatures outside this range slow down growth; the maximumdaily heat unit accumulation is 36 and the minimum daily heat unitaccumulation is 0. The seasonal accumulation of GDU is a major factor indetermining maturity zones.

GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing degree units (GDUs) or heatunits required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50percent of the plants shedding pollen and is measured from the time ofplanting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method,where the heat units for a 24-hour period are: ##EQU1##

The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the lowest minimumtemperature used is 50° F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes a certainnumber of GDUs to reach various stages of plant development.

GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing degree units required for aninbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plantswith silk emergence from time of planting. Growing degree units arecalculated by the Barger Method as given in GDU SHD definition.

GIB ERS=GIBBERELLA EAR ROT (PINK MOLD) (Gibberella zeae). A 1 to 9visual rating indicating the resistance to Gibberella Ear Rot. A higherscore indicates a higher resistance.

GLF SPT=Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis). A 1 to 9 visual ratingindicating the resistance to Gray Leaf Spot. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

GOS WLT=Goss' Wilt (Corynebacterium nebraskense). A 1 to 9 visual ratingindicating the resistance to Goss' Wilt. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

GRN APP=GRAIN APPEARANCE. This is a 1 to 9 rating for the generalappearance of the shelled grain as it is harvested based on such factorsas the color of harvested grain, any mold on the grain, and any crackedgrain. High scores indicate good grain quality.

H/POP=YIELD AT HIGH DENSITY. Yield ability at relatively high plantdensities on 1-9 relative rating system with a higher number indicatingthe hybrid responds well to high plant densities for yield relative toother hybrids. A 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, andvery good yield response, respectively, to increased plant density.

HC BLT=HELMINTHOSPORIUM CARBONUM LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthosporiumcarbonum). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance toHelminthosporium infection. A higher score indicates a higherresistance.

HD SMT=HEAD SMUT (Sphacelotheca reiliana). This score indicates thepercentage of plants not infected.

INC D/A=GROSS INCOME (DOLLARS PER ACRE). Relative income per acreassuming drying costs of two cents per point above 15.5 percent harvestmoisture and current market price per bushel.

INCOME/ACRE. Income advantage of hybrid to be patented over other hybridon per acre basis.

INC ADV=GROSS INCOME ADVANTAGE. GROSS INCOME advantage of variety #1over variety #2.

L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY. Yield ability at relatively low plantdensities on a 1-9 relative system with a higher number indicating thehybrid responds well to low plant densities for yield relative to otherhybrids. A 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very goodyield response, respectively, to low plant density.

MDM CPX=MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC COMPLEX (MDMV=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus andMCDV=Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating theresistance to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

MST=HARVEST MOISTURE. The moisture is the actual percentage moisture ofthe grain at harvest.

MST ADV=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE. The moisture advantage of variety #1 overvariety #2 as calculated by: MOISTURE of variety #2-MOISTURE of variety#1=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE of variety #1.

NLF BLT=Northern Leaf Blight (Helminthosporium turcicum or Exserohilumturcicum). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to NorthernLeaf Blight. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the height of the plant fromthe ground to the tip of the tassel in inches.

POL SC=POLLEN SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount ofpollen shed. The higher the score the more pollen shed.

POL WT=POLLEN WEIGHT. This is calculated by dry weight of tasselscollected as shedding commences minus dry weight from similar tasselsharvested after shedding is complete.

It should be understood that the inbred can, through routinemanipulation of cytoplasmic or other factors, be produced in amale-sterile form. Such embodiments are also contemplated within thescope of the present claims.

POP K/A=PLANT POPULATIONS. Measured as 1000s per acre.

POP ADV=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE. The plant population advantage ofvariety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by PLANT POPULATION of variety#2-PLANT POPULATION of variety #1=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE of variety#1.

PRM=PREDICTED RELATIVE MATURITY. This trait, predicted relativematurity, is based on the harvest moisture of the grain. The relativematurity rating is based on a known set of checks and utilizes standardlinear regression analyses and is also referred to as the ComparativeRelative Maturity Rating System that is similar to the MinnesotaRelative Maturity Rating System.

PRM SHD=A relative measure of the growing degree units (GDU) required toreach 50% pollen shed. Relative values are predicted values from thelinear regression of observed GDU's on relative maturity of commercialchecks.

RT LDG=ROOT LODGING. Root lodging is the percentage of plants that donot root lodge; plants that lean from the vertical axis at anapproximately 30° angle or greater would be counted as root lodged.

RTL ADV=ROOT LODGING ADVANTAGE. The root lodging advantage of variety #1over variety #2.

SCT GRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount ofscatter grain (lack of pollination or kernel abortion) on the ear. Thehigher the score the less scatter grain.

SDG VGR=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is the visual rating (1 to 9) of the amountof vegetative growth after emergence at the seedling stage(approximately five leaves). A higher score indicates better vigor.

SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. The selection index gives a single measure ofthe hybrid's worth based on information for up to five traits. A maizebreeder may utilize his or her own set of traits for the selectionindex. One of the traits that is almost always included is yield. Theselection index data presented in the tables represent the mean valueaveraged across testing stations.

SLF BLT=SOUTHERN LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthosporium maydis or Bipolarismaydis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to SouthernLeaf Blight. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

SOU RST=SOUTHERN RUST (Puccinia polysora). A 1 to 9 visual ratingindicating the resistance to Southern Rust. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

STA GRN=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of plant health near thetime of black layer formation (physiological maturity). A high scoreindicates better late-season plant health.

STD ADV=STALK STANDING ADVANTAGE. The advantage of variety #1 overvariety #2 for the trait STK CNT.

STK CNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS. This is the final stand or number of plantsper plot.

STK LDG=STALK LODGING. This is the percentage of plants that did notstalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured by either natural lodging orpushing the stalks and determining the percentage of plants that breakbelow the ear.

STW WLT=Stewart's Wilt (Erwinia stewartii). A 1 to 9 visual ratingindicating the resistance to Stewart's Wilt. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

TAS BLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to measure thedegree of blasting (necrosis due to heat stress) of the tassel at thetime of flowering. A 1 would indicate a very high level of blasting attime of flowering, while a 9 would have no tassel blasting.

TAS SZ=TASSEL SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate therelative size of the tassel. The higher the rating the larger thetassel.

TAS WT=TASSEL WEIGHT. This is the average weight of a tassel (grams)just prior to pollen shed.

TEX EAR=EAR TEXTURE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate therelative hardness (smoothness of crown) of mature grain. A 1 would bevery soft (extreme dent) while a 9 would be very hard (flinty or verysmooth crown).

TILLER=TILLERS. A count of the number of tillers per plot that couldpossibly shed pollen was taken. Data are given as a percentage oftillers: number of tillers per plot divided by number of plants perplot.

TST WT=TEST WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED). The measure of the weight of the grainin pounds for a given volume (bushel).

TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT ADJUSTED. The measure of the weight of the grain inpounds for a given volume (bushel) adjusted for 15.5 percent moisture.

TSW ADV=TEST WEIGHT ADVANTAGE. The test weight advantage of variety #1over variety #2.

WIN M %=PERCENT MOISTURE WINS.

WIN Y %=PERCENT YIELD WINS.

YLD=YIELD. It is the same as BU ACR ABS.

YLD ADV=YIELD ADVANTAGE. The yield advantage of variety #1 over variety#2 as calculated by: YIELD of variety #1-YIELD variety #2=yieldadvantage of variety #1.

YLD SC=YIELD SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to give a relativerating for yield based on plot ear piles. The higher the rating thegreater visual yield appearance.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Inbred maize lines are typically developed for use in the production ofhybrid maize lines. Inbred maize lines need to be highly homogeneous,homozygous and reproducible to be useful as parents of commercialhybrids. There are many analytical methods available to determine thehomozygotic and phenotypic stability of these inbred lines.

The oldest and most traditional method of analysis is the observation ofphenotypic traits. The data is usually collected in field experimentsover the life of the maize plants to be examined. Phenotypiccharacteristics most often observed are for traits associated with plantmorphology, ear and kernel morphology, insect and disease resistance,maturity, and yield.

In addition to phenotypic observations, the genotype of a plant can alsobe examined. There are many laboratory-based techniques available forthe analysis, comparison and characterization of plant genotype; amongthese are Isozyme Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment LengthPolymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs),Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA AmplificationFingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs),Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), and Simple SequenceRepeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites.

The most widely used of these laboratory techniques are IsozymeElectrophoresis and RFLPs as discussed in Lee, M., "Inbred Lines ofMaize and Their Molecular Markers," The Maize Handbook,(Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. 1994, at 423-432) incorporated hereinby reference. Isozyme Electrophoresis is a useful tool in determininggenetic composition, although it has relatively low number of availablemarkers and the low number of allelic variants among maize inbreds.RFLPs have the advantage of revealing an exceptionally high degree ofallelic variation in maize and the number of available markers is almostlimitless.

Maize RFLP linkage maps have been rapidly constructed and widelyimplemented in genetic studies. One such study is described inBoppenmaier, et al., "Comparisons among strains of inbreds for RFLPs",Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter, 65:1991, pg. 90, is incorporatedherein by reference. This study used 101 RFLP markers to analyze thepatterns of 2 to 3 different deposits each of five different inbredlines. The inbred lines had been selfed from 9 to 12 times before beingadopted into 2 to 3 different breeding programs. It was results fromthese 2 to 3 different breeding programs that supplied the differentdeposits for analysis. These five lines were maintained in the separatebreeding programs by selfing or sibbing and rogueing the RFLP analysiswas completed, it was determined the five lines showed 0-2% residualoff-type plants for an additional one to eight generations. Afterheterozygosity. Although this was a relatively small study, it can beseen using RFLPs that the lines had been highly homozygous prior to theseparate strain maintenance.

Inbred maize line PH0GP is a yellow, dent maize inbred that is bestsuited as either a male or female in crosses for producing firstgeneration F₁ maize hybrids. Inbred maize line PH0GP is best adapted tothe Northwest region of the United States, the corn growing regions ofCanada and Northern Europe and can be used to produce hybrids fromapproximately 92 relative maturity based on the Comparative RelativeMaturity Rating System for harvest moisture grain. As an inbred per se,maize line PH0GP exhibits unique characteristics of very erect leafattitude, excellent plant health, and flinty kernel texture. InbredPH0GP also exhibits high grain yield and good grain quality. In hybridcombination, PH0GP expresses a very high grain yield, high test weight,good ear quality, very high silage yield, and excellent plant health. Inaddition, PH0GP hybrids have very erect leaf attitude and a very bigframed plant type. For its area of adaptation, PH0GP exhibits extremelyhigh grain and silage yield, excellent plant health, and good droughtstress resistance.

The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the limits ofenvironmental influence for all the traits as described in the VarietyDescription Information (Table 1) that follows. The inbred has beenself-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number of generations withcareful attention paid to uniformity of plant type to ensure thehomozygosity and phenotypic stability necessary to use in commercialproduction. The line has been increased both by hand and in isolatedfields with continued observation for uniformity. No variant traits havebeen observed or are expected in PH0GP.

Inbred maize line PH0GP, being substantially homozygous, can bereproduced by planting seeds of the line, growing the resulting maizeplants under self-pollinating or sib-pollinating conditions withadequate isolation, and harvesting the resulting seed, using techniquesfamiliar to the agricultural arts.

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________    VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION                                               VARIETY = PH0GP                                                               __________________________________________________________________________    1. TYPE:                                                                      (describe intermediate types in Comments section):                            3        1 = Sweet  2 = Dent  3 = Flint  4 = Flour  5 = Pop  6                         = Ornamental                                                         __________________________________________________________________________    2. MATURITY:                                                                  DAYS      HEAT UNITS                                                          __________________________________________________________________________    061       1,317.0      From emergence to 50% of plants in silk                061       1,316.0      From emergence to 50% of plants in pollen              006       0,139.5      From 10% to 90% pollen shed                            076       1,546.0      From 50% silk to harvest at 25% moisture               __________________________________________________________________________    3. PLANT:                                                                                                        Standard                                                                            Sample                                                                  Deviation                                                                           Size                                 __________________________________________________________________________    0,200.0                                                                             cm  Plant Height (to tassel tip)                                                                           8.49  2                                    0,079.0                                                                             cm  Ear Height (to base of top ear node)                                                                   7.07  2                                    0,013.1                                                                             cm  Length of Top Ear Internode                                                                            0.42  10                                   1         Average Number of Tillers                                                                              0.00  2                                    1.5       Average Number of Ears per Stalk                                                                       0.71  2                                    3.0       Anthocyanin of Brace Roots: 1 = Absent  2 = Faint                             3 = Moderate  4 = Dark                                              __________________________________________________________________________    4. LEAF:                                                                                                           Standard                                                                           Sample                                                                   Deviation                                                                          Size                                __________________________________________________________________________    008.3                                                                            cm                                                                              Width of Ear Node Leaf          0.42 10                                  077.6                                                                            cm                                                                              Length of Ear Node Leaf         6.51 10                                  05.6 Number of leaves above top ear  0.57 10                                  014.0                                                                              Degrees Leaf Angle (measure from 2nd leaf above                                                               2.83 2                                        ear at anthesis to stalk above leaf)                                     03   Leaf Color   Medium Green                                                1.0  Leaf Sheath Pubescence (Rate on scale from 1 = none to 9 = like               peach fuzz)                                                              6.0  Marginal Waves (Rate on scale from 1 = none to 9 = many)                 7.0  Longitudinal Creases (Rate on scale from 1 = none to 9                   __________________________________________________________________________         = many)                                                                  5. TASSEL:                                                                                                       Standard                                                                            Sample                                                                  Deviation                                                                           Size                                 __________________________________________________________________________    06.2  Number of Primary Lateral Branches                                                                         0.57  10                                   052.5 Branch Angle from Central Spike                                                                            10.61 2                                    52.0                                                                             cm Tassel Length (from top leaf collar to tassel tip)                                                         6.22  2                                    4.5   Pollen Shed (rate on scale from 0 = male sterile to 9 = heavy shed)     07    Anther Color  (Munsell code) 5Y68                                       01    Glume Color   Light Green                                                                   (Munsell code) 5GY56                                      1.0   Bar Glumes (Glume Bands): 1 = Absent  2 = Present                       23    Peduncle Length (cm. from top leaf to basal branches)                   __________________________________________________________________________    6a. EAR (Unhusked Data):                                                      9 Silk Color (3 days after emergence)   Salmon                                                                  (Munsell code)                                                                       7.5RP36                              1 Fresh Husk Color (25 days after 50% silking)   Light Green                                                    (Munsell code)                                                                       5GY58                                21                                                                              Dry Husk Color (65 days after 50% silking)   Buff                                                             (Munsell code)                                                                       2.5Y8.54                             1 Position of Ear at Dry Husk Stage: 1 = Upright 2 = Horizontal 3 =             Pendant                                                                     6 Husk Tightness (Rate of Scale from 1 = very loose to 9 = very tight)        3 Husk Extension (at harvest): 1 = Short (ears exposed)  2 = Medium (<8         cm)                                    Long                                   3 = Long (8-10 cm beyond ear tip)  4 = Very Long (>10                       __________________________________________________________________________      cm)                                                                         6b. EAR (Husked Ear Data):                                                                                    Standard                                                                           Sample                                                                   Deviation                                                                          Size                                     __________________________________________________________________________    13                                                                              cm Ear Length                 1.13 10                                       39                                                                              mm Ear Diameter at mid-point  1.70 10                                       84                                                                              gm Ear Weight                 4.67 10                                       16   Number of Kernel Rows      1.13 10                                       2    Kernel Rows: 1 = Indistinct  2 = Distinct                                                                         Distinct                             1    Row Alignment: 1 = Straight  2 = Slightly Curved  3                                                               Straight                             12                                                                              cm Shank Length               3.96 10                                       2    Ear taper: 1 = Slight  2 = Average  3 = Extreme                                                                   Average                              __________________________________________________________________________    7. KERNEL (Dried):                                                                                           Standard                                                                           Sample                                                                   Deviation                                                                          Size                                      __________________________________________________________________________    10                                                                              mm Kernel Length             0.42 10                                        8 mm Kernel Width              0.14 10                                        5 mm Kernel Thickness          0.42 10                                        60   % Round Kernels (Shape Grade)                                                                           3.15 2                                         1    Aleurone Color Pattern: 1 = Homozygous  2 = Segregating                                                          Homozygous                            7    Aluerone Color                                                                           Yellow         (Munsell code)                                                                         2.5Y812                               7    Hard Endosperm Color                                                                     Yellow         (Munsell code)                                                                         2.5Y812                               3    Endosperm Type:                                                                          Normal Starch                                                      1 = Sweet (Su1)  2 = Extra Sweet (sh2)  3 = Normal Starch                     4 = High Amylose Starch  5 = Waxy Starch  6 = High                            Protein  7 = High Lysine  8 = Super Sweet (se)                                 9 = High Oil  10 = Other.sub.--                                         26                                                                              gm Weight per 100 Kernels (unsized sample)                                                                 2.83 2                                         __________________________________________________________________________    8. COB:                                                                                                  Standard                                                                             Sample                                                                 Deviation                                                                            Size                                        __________________________________________________________________________    24  mm   Cob Diameter at mid-point                                                                       0.99   10                                          19       Cob Color   White (Munsell code)                                                                             10YR92                                2        Cob Strength 1 = Weak  2 = Strong                                    __________________________________________________________________________    9. DISEASE RESISTANCE                                                         (Rate from 1 (most susceptible) to 9 (most resistant): leave blank            if not tested; leave Race or Strain Options blank if polygenic):              A. Leaf Blights, Wilts, and Local Infection Diseases                                    Anthracnose Leaf Blight ( Colletotrichum graminicola)                         Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi)                                                 Common Smut (Ustilago maydis)                                                 Eyespot (Kabatiella zeae)                                           7         Goss's Wilt (Clavibacter michiganense spp. nebraskense)                       Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis)                                       Helminthosporium Leaf Spot (Bipolaris zeicola)   Race--             4         Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum)   Race--                          Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis)   Race--                              Southern Rust (Puccinia polysora)                                             Stewart's Wilt (Erwinia stewartii)                                            Other (Specify)--                                                   B. Systemic Diseases                                                                    Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV and MDMV)                                          Head Smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana)                                            Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus (MDV)                                             Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV)                                           Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV)                                               Sorghum Downy Mildew of Corn (Peronosclerospora sorghi)                       Other (Specify)--                                                   C. Stalk Rots                                                                           Anthracnose Stalk Rot (Colletotrichum graminicola)                            Diplodia Stalk Rot (Stenocarpella maydis)                                     Fusarium Stalk Rot (Fusarium monilliforme)                                    Gibberella Stalk Rot (Gibberella zeae)                                        Other (Specify)--                                                   D. Ear and Kernel Rots                                                                  Aspergillus Ear and Kernel Rot (Aspergillus flavus)                           Diplodia Ear Rot (Stenocarpella maydis)                                       Fusarium Ear and Kernel Rot (Fusarium monilliforme)                 5         Gibberella Ear Rot (Gibberella zeae)                                          Other (Specify)--                                                             Banks grass Mite (Oligonychus pratensis)                                      Corn Worm (Helicoverpa zea)                                                     Leaf Feeding                                                                  Silk Feeding                                                                    mg larval Wt.                                                             Ear Damage                                                                    Corn Leaf Aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis)                                        Corn Sap Beetle (Carpophilus dimidiatus                                       European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)                            2           1st Generation (Typically Whorl Leaf Feeding)                     4           2nd Generation (Typically Leaf Sheath-Collar Feeding)                         Stalk Tunneling                                                               cm tunneled/plant                                                           Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera fruqiperda)                                           Leaf Feeding                                                                  Silk Feeding                                                                  mg larval wt %                                                              Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamaize                                             Northern Rootworm (Diabrotica barberi)                                        Southern Rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata)                                Southwestern Corn Borer (Diatreaea grandiosella)                                Leaf Feeding                                                                  Stalk Tunneling                                                               cm tunneled/plant                                                           Two-spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae)                                 Western Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifrea virgifera)                             Other (Specify)--                                                   __________________________________________________________________________    11. AGRONOMIC TRAITS:                                                         5          Staygreen (at 65 days after anthesis) (Rate on a scale from 1                 worst to                                                                      excellent)                                                         2.0        % Dropped Ears (at 65 days after anthesis)                                    % Pre-anthesis Brittle Snapping                                               % Pre-anthesis Root Lodging                                        10.3       Post-anthesis Root Lodging (at 65 days after anthesis)             4,540      Kg/ha Yield (at 12-13% grain moisture)                             __________________________________________________________________________     *In interpreting the foregoing color designations, reference may be had t     the Munsell Glossy Book of Color, a standard color reference.            

Industrial Applicability

This invention also is directed to methods for producing a maize plantby crossing a first parent maize plant with a second parent maize plantwherein either the first or second parent maize plant is an inbred maizeplant of the line PH0GP. Further, both first and second parent maizeplants can come from the inbred maize line PH0GP. Thus, any such methodsusing the inbred maize line PH0GP are part of this invention: selfing,backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the like.All plants produced using inbred maize line PH0GP as a parent are withinthe scope of this invention. Advantageously, the inbred maize line isused in crosses with other, different, maize inbreds to produce firstgeneration (F₁) maize hybrid seeds and plants with superiorcharacteristics.

As used herein, the term plant includes plant cells, plant protoplasts,plant cell tissue cultures from which maize plants can be regenerated,plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants orparts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, ovules, flowers, kernels,ears, cobs, leaves, husks, stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, silk andthe like.

Duncan, Williams, Zehr, and Widholm, Planta (1985) 165:322-332 reflectsthat 97% of the plants cultured that produced callus were capable ofplant regeneration. Subsequent experiments with both inbreds and hybridsproduced 91% regenerable callus that produced plants. In a further studyin 1988, Songstad, Duncan & Widholm in Plant Cell Reports (1988),7:262-265 reports several media additions that enhance regenerability ofcallus of two inbred lines. Other published reports also indicated that"nontraditional" tissues are capable of producing somatic embryogenesisand plant regeneration. K. P. Rao, et al., Maize Genetics CooperationNewsletter, 60:64-65 (1986), refers to somatic embryogenesis from glumecallus cultures and B. V. Conger, et al., Plant Cell Reports, 6:345-347(1987) indicates somatic embryogenesis from the tissue cultures of maizeleaf segments. Thus, it is clear from the literature that the state ofthe art is such that these methods of obtaining plants are, and were,"conventional" in the sense that they are routinely used and have a veryhigh rate of success.

Tissue culture of maize is described in European Patent Application,publication 160,390, incorporated herein by reference. Maize tissueculture procedures are also described in Green and Rhodes, "PlantRegeneration in Tissue Culture of Maize," Maize for Biological Research(Plant Molecular Biology Association, Charlottesville, Va. 1982, at367-372) and in Duncan, et al., "The Production of Callus Capable ofPlant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Numerous Zea MaysGenotypes," 165 Planta 322-332 (1985). Thus, another aspect of thisinvention is to provide cells which upon growth and differentiationproduce maize plants having the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of inbred line PH0GP.

Maize is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw material inindustry. The food uses of maize, in addition to human consumption ofmaize kernels, include both products of dry- and wet-milling industries.The principal products of maize dry milling are grits, meal and flour.The maize wet-milling industry can provide maize starch, maize syrups,and dextrose for food use. Maize oil is recovered from maize germ, whichis a by-product of both dry- and wet-milling industries.

Maize, including both grain and non-grain portions of the plant, is alsoused extensively as livestock feed, primarily for beef cattle, dairycattle, hogs, and poultry.

Industrial uses of maize include production of ethanol, maize starch inthe wet-milling industry and maize flour in the dry-milling industry.The industrial applications of maize starch and flour are based onfunctional properties, such as viscosity, film formation, adhesiveproperties, and ability to suspend particles. The maize starch and flourhave application in the paper and textile industries. Other industrialuses include applications in adhesives, building materials, foundrybinders, laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other miningapplications.

Plant parts other than the grain of maize are also used in industry: forexample, stalks and husks are made into paper and wallboard and cobs areused for fuel and to make charcoal.

The seed of inbred maize line PH0GP, the plant produced from the inbredseed, the hybrid maize plant produced from the crossing of the inbred,hybrid seed, and various parts of the hybrid maize plant can be utilizedfor human food, livestock feed, and as a raw material in industry.

PERFORMANCE EXAMPLES OF PH0GP

In the examples that follow, the traits and characteristics of inbredmaize line PH0GP are presented as an inbred per se and in hybridcombination. The data collected on inbred maize line PH0GP is presentedfor key characteristics and traits.

Inbred Comparisons

Table 2 compares PH0GP to its parent, PHP38. The inbred per se resultsshow PH0GP is earlier to shed and silk than PHP38. In addition, PH0GPexhibits better ear texture than PHP38.

Inbred BY Tester Comparisons

Table 3A compares PH0GP to PHRE1 when crossed to the same inbredtesters. The results show the PH0GP hybrids are higher yielding withsignificantly higher stay green than the PHRE1 hybrids. In addition, thePH0GP hybrids exhibit above average resistance to root lodging, stalklodging, and brittle snap (BRT STK).

Table 3B compares PH0GP to PHAA0 when crossed to the same inbredtesters. The results show both PH0GP hybrids and PHAA0 hybrids are veryhigh yielding and the PH0GP hybrids exhibit significantly higher testweight than the PHAA0 hybrids. In addition, the PH0GP hybridsdemonstrate significantly superior stay green. The PH0GP hybrids alsoexhibit above average resistance to root lodging, stalk lodging andbrittle snap.

Hybrid Comparisons

The results in Table 4A compare hybrid PH0GP/PHTD5 to PHAA0/PHTD5.Although the specific combining ability results show both hybrids areabove average yielding, the PH0GP hybrid exhibits significantly highertest weight than the PHAA0 hybrid. In addition, the PH0GP hybridexhibits above average early stand count and stay green. The PH0GPhybrid also exhibits above average resistance to root lodging andbrittle snap. The PH0GP hybrid demonstrates very good resistance toNorthern Leaf Blight, Southern Leaf Blight and Eye Spot.

The specific combining ability results of Table 4B compare PH0GP/PHTD5to PH47A/PHTD5. The results show the PH0GP hybrid is higher yieldingthan the PH47A hybrid. The PH0GP hybrid exhibits significantly superiorstay green when compared to the PH47A hybrid. In addition, the PH0GPhybrid demonstrates above average resistance to root lodging and stalklodging.

Table 4C compares the specific combining ability of PH0GP/PHAJ0 toPHRE1/PHAJ0. Although the results show both hybrids yield slightly belowaverage, they both exhibit below average harvest moisture. The PH0GPhybrid demonstrates a much higher stay green score than the PHRE1hybrid. The PH0GP hybrid also exhibits above average resistance to rootlodging and brittle snap.

The specific combining ability results of Table 4D show a comparison ofPH0GP/PHTD5 to PHRE1/PHTD5. The results show the PH0GP hybrid issignificantly higher yielding than the PHRE1 hybrid. The PH0GP hybridalso exhibits significantly higher stay green than the PHRE1 hybrid. Inaddition the PH0GP hybrid exhibits better resistance to root lodging,stalk lodging and brittle snap than the PHRE1 hybrid.

                                      TABLE 2                                     __________________________________________________________________________    PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA                                                 VARIETY #1 = PH0GP                                                            VARIETY #2 = PHP38                                                            __________________________________________________________________________               BU  BU      TST SDG EST TIL GDU GDU                                       VAR ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT LER SHD SLK                                       #   ABS % MN                                                                              ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   52.3                                                                              81  16.2                                                                              59.5                                                                              5.8 33.1                                                                              4.4 125.4                                                                             126.4                                     2   56.9                                                                              89  16.2                                                                              58.7                                                                              5.7 33.9                                                                              4.6 138.4                                                                             139.6                                     LOCS                                                                              7   7   7   3   9   13  12  28  29                                        REPS                                                                              11  11  11  5   11  32  16  31  32                                        DIFF                                                                              4.5 8   0.1 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.2 13.0                                                                              13.1                                      PROB                                                                              .611                                                                              .603                                                                              .925                                                                              .404                                                                              .808                                                                              .664                                                                              .922                                                                              .000#                                                                             .000#                              __________________________________________________________________________               POL TAS PLT EAR RT  STA STK SCT EAR                                       VAR SC  SZ  HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG GRN SZ                                        #   ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   4.5 4.2 79.6                                                                              32.4                                                                              93.7                                                                              3.0 97.5                                                                              6.7 6.0                                       2   5.5 5.7 80.8                                                                              33.7                                                                              94.2                                                                              6.0 98.3                                                                              7.3 5.0                                       LOCS                                                                              4   17  9   7   3   1   5   3   1                                         REPS                                                                              5   19  10  8   5   1   9   4   1                                         DIFF                                                                              1.0 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.5 3.0 0.9 0.7 1.0                                       PROB                                                                              .308                                                                              .002#                                                                             .688                                                                              .399                                                                              .855    .465                                                                              .423                                   __________________________________________________________________________               TEX EAR BAR DRP NLF COM ECB                                               VAR EAR MLD PLT EAR BLT RST 2SC                                               #   ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                        __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   7.0 7.6 93.6                                                                              100.0                                                                             5.0 4.7 3.5                                               2   5.3 8.4 88.7                                                                              98.7                                                                              6.0 5.0 4.0                                               LOCS                                                                              3   5   10  2   1   3   2                                                 REPS                                                                              4   6   10  4   1   5   4                                                 DIFF                                                                              1.7 0.8 4.9 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.5                                               PROB                                                                              .038+                                                                             .242                                                                              .215                                                                              .407    .667                                                                              .500                                       __________________________________________________________________________     * = 10% SIG                                                                   + = 5% SIG                                                                    # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 3A                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Average Inbred By Tester Performance Comparing PH0GP To PHRE1 Crossed         To The Same Inbred Testers And Grown In The Same Experiments.                 __________________________________________________________________________               SEL     BU  BU  PRM     TST SDG EST GDU                                       IND PRM ACR ACR SHD MST WT  VGR CNT SHD                                       % MN                                                                              ABS ABS % MN                                                                              ABS % MN                                                                              ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                           __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            REPS                                                                              4   4   40  40  3   52  26  46  47  16                                    LOCS                                                                              4   4   35  35  3   47  21  39  41  12                                    PH0GP                                                                             110 95  133 102 93  105 55  97  98  102                                   PHRE1                                                                             99  92  127 99  92  97  55  103 101 101                                   DIFF                                                                              12  4   5   4   2   8   0   6   3   1                                     PR > T                                                                            0.02                                                                              0.24                                                                              0.09                                                                              0.13                                                                              0.06                                                                              0.00                                                                              0.99                                                                              0.22                                                                              0.06                                                                              0.19                           __________________________________________________________________________               GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN ECB                                       SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP 2SC                                       % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              ABS                            __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            REPS                                                                              14  66  24  24  26  24  38  19  4   1                                     LOCS                                                                              10  59  20  20  22  21  33  17  4   1                                     PH0GP                                                                             103 98  99  98  109 118 101 103 98  8                                     PHRE1                                                                             100 101 97  98  94  91  99  102 107 6                                     DIFF                                                                              3   2   1   0   15  27  2   1   8   2                                     PR > T                                                                            0.08                                                                              0.02                                                                              0.16                                                                              0.99                                                                              0.03                                                                              0.00                                                                              0.13                                                                              0.49                                                                              0.49                               __________________________________________________________________________               DRP                                                                           EAR                                                                           % MN                                                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            REPS                                                                              28                                                                        LOCS                                                                              25                                                                        PH0GP                                                                             100                                                                       PHRE1                                                                             100                                                                       DIFF                                                                              0                                                                         PR > T                                                                            0.99                                                               __________________________________________________________________________     *PR > T values are valid only for comparisons with Locs >= 10.           

                                      TABLE 3B                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Average Inbred By Tester Performance Comparing PH0GP To PHAA0 Crossed         To The Same Inbred Testers And Grown In The Same Experiments.                 __________________________________________________________________________               SEL     BU  BU  PRM     TST SDG EST GDU                                       IND PRM ACR ACR SHD MST WT  VGR CNT SHD                                       % MN                                                                              ABS ABS % MN                                                                              ABS % MN                                                                              ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                           __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            REPS                                                                              2   1   24  24  1   30  16  27  32  12                                    LOCS                                                                              2   1   20  20  1   26  13  25  27  9                                     PH0GP                                                                             107 96  135 104 90  103 55  93  97  98                                    PHAA0                                                                             106 101 140 108 89  100 54  104 100 98                                    DIFF                                                                              1   5   5   4   1   3   1   11  3   1                                     PR > T                                                                            0.52    0.14                                                                              0.10    0.10                                                                              0.01                                                                              0.19                                                                              0.31                                                                              0.30                           __________________________________________________________________________               GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN ECB                                       SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP 2SC                                       % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              ABS                            __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            REPS                                                                              7   41  16  16  16  15  24  9   3   1                                     LOCS                                                                              5   35  14  14  14  13  20  9   3   1                                     PH0GP                                                                             98  98  100 99  107 132 103 102 100 8                                     PHAA0                                                                             97  101 100 104 102 106 100 98  94  5                                     DIFF                                                                              1   3   0   6   4   26  3   3   5   3                                     PR > T                                                                            0.23                                                                              0.01                                                                              0.99                                                                              0.01                                                                              0.05                                                                              0.00                                                                              0.18                                                                              0.31                                                                              0.75                               __________________________________________________________________________               DRP                                                                           EAR                                                                           % MN                                                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            REPS                                                                              17                                                                        LOCS                                                                              16                                                                        PH0GP                                                                             100                                                                       PHRE1                                                                             100                                                                       DIFF                                                                              0                                                                         PR > T                                                                            0.99                                                               __________________________________________________________________________     *PR > T values are valid only for comparisons with Locs >= 10.           

                                      TABLE 4A                                    __________________________________________________________________________    PAIRED HYBRID COMPARISON DATA                                                 VARIETY #1 = PH0GP/PHTD5                                                      VARIETY #2 = PHAA0/PHTD5                                                      __________________________________________________________________________                       BU  BU      TST SDG EST GDU                                       VAR     PRM ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT SHD                                       #   PRM SHD ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   91  92  162.7                                                                             104 99  54.6                                                                              95  102 102                                       2   89  90  163.4                                                                             105 98  53.4                                                                              95  104 99                                        LOCS                                                                              17  16  142 142 143 18  113 30  49                                        REPS                                                                              17  16  182 182 183 21  150 35  71                                        DIFF                                                                              1   2   0.7 1   2   1.2 0   2   3                                         PROB                                                                              0.64*                                                                             .014+                                                                             .673                                                                              .342                                                                              .012+                                                                             .000#                                                                             .913                                                                              .396                                                                              .000#                              __________________________________________________________________________               GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT DRP                                       VAR SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK EAR                                       #   % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   102 100 102 103 108 113 99  101 100                                       2   99  101 99  101 101 103 103 98  100                                       LOCS                                                                              16  159 62  52  47  39  86  11  14                                        REPS                                                                              28  212 87  77  68  51  115 14  15                                        DIFF                                                                              2   1   3   2   6   9   5   3   0                                         PROB                                                                              .002#                                                                             .148                                                                              .000#                                                                             .159                                                                              .028+                                                                             .012+                                                                             .028+                                                                             .340                                                                              .336                               __________________________________________________________________________               NLF SLF HD  EYE ECB ECB                                                   VAR BLT BLT SMT SPT DPE 2SC                                                   #   ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                            __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   6.0 7.0 87.6                                                                              7.5 96.2                                                                              8.0                                                   2   5.8 7.5 91.1                                                                              5.5 94.3                                                                              5.0                                                   LOCS                                                                              4   1   2   2   16  1                                                     REPS                                                                              8   2   6   2   29  1                                                     DIFF                                                                              0.3 0.5 3.5 2.0 2.0 3.0                                                   PROB                                                                              .789    .548                                                                              .000#                                                                             .056*                                                                             .500                                           __________________________________________________________________________     * = 10% SIG                                                                   + = 5% SIG                                                                    # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 4B                                    __________________________________________________________________________    PAIRED HYBRID COMPARISON DATA                                                 VARIETY #1 = PH0GP/PHTD5                                                      VARIETY #2 = PH47A/PHTD5                                                      __________________________________________________________________________                       BU  BU      TST SDG EST GDU                                       VAR     PRM ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT SHD                                       #   PRM SHD ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   94  93  130.4                                                                             101 104 55.7                                                                              76  91  97                                        2   88  88  121.3                                                                             94  91  54.9                                                                              73  94  93                                        LOCS                                                                              4   4   9   9   9   6   8   11  5                                         REPS                                                                              4   4   9   9   9   6   8   11  6                                         DIFF                                                                              6   5   9.2 7   13  0.8 3   3   4                                         PROB                                                                              .013+                                                                             .077*                                                                             .189                                                                              .162                                                                              .000#                                                                             .183                                                                              .754                                                                              .153                                                                              .066*                              __________________________________________________________________________               GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT DRP                                       VAR SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK EAR                                       #   % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   99  93  97  98  112 127 104 100 100                                       2   95  95  97  95  84  65  91  100 100                                       LOCS                                                                              5   11  6   6   4   7   6   3   6                                         REPS                                                                              6   11  7   7   4   7   6   3   6                                         DIFF                                                                              5   2   0   2   28  62  14  1   1                                         PROB                                                                              .023+                                                                             .464                                                                              .720                                                                              .410                                                                              .169                                                                              .000#                                                                             .043+                                                                             .423                                                                              .363                               __________________________________________________________________________               ECB                                                                       VAR 2SC                                                                       #   ABS                                                                __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   8.0                                                                       2   6.0                                                                       LOCS                                                                              1                                                                         REPS                                                                              1                                                                         DIFF                                                                              2.0                                                                       PROB                                                                   __________________________________________________________________________     * = 10% SIG                                                                   + = 5% SIG                                                                    # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 4C                                    __________________________________________________________________________    PAIRED HYBRID COMPARISON DATA                                                 VARIETY #1 = PH0GP/PHAJ0                                                      VARIETY #2 = PHRE1/PHAJ0                                                      __________________________________________________________________________                       BU  BU      TST SDG EST GDU                                       VAR     PRM ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT SHD                                       #   PRM SHD ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   79  84  109.0                                                                             95  99  54.7                                                                              96  95  102                                       2   75  82  107.0                                                                             95  91  55.6                                                                              97  100 96                                        LOCS                                                                              3   4   15  15  15  10  9   12  5                                         REPS                                                                              3   4   24  24  24  16  15  18  10                                        DIFF                                                                              4   3   1.9 0   9   0.8 1   5   6                                         PROB                                                                              .004#                                                                             .096*                                                                             .732                                                                              .996                                                                              .000#                                                                             .023+                                                                             .898                                                                              .088*                                                                             .172                               __________________________________________________________________________               GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT DRP                                       VAR SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK EAR                                       #   % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   99  100 98  97  106 103 96  105 100                                       2   96  100 97  101 95  88  93  108 100                                       LOCS                                                                              4   17  7   7   3   9   13  4   10                                        REPS                                                                              8   29  12  12  5   15  23  5   17                                        DIFF                                                                              3   0   1   4   11  15  3   3   0                                         PROB                                                                              .062*                                                                             .789                                                                              .762                                                                              .092*                                                                             .648                                                                              .192                                                                              .255                                                                              .300                                                                              .420                               __________________________________________________________________________               HD                                                                        VAR SMT                                                                       #   ABS                                                                __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   100.0                                                                     2   100.0                                                                     LOCS                                                                              1                                                                         REPS                                                                              3                                                                         DIFF                                                                              0.0                                                                       PROB                                                                   __________________________________________________________________________     * = 10% SIG                                                                   + = 5% SIG                                                                    # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 4D                                    __________________________________________________________________________    PAIRED HYBRID COMPARISON DATA                                                 VARIETY #1 = PH0GP/PHTD5                                                      VARIETY #2 = PHRE1/PHTD5                                                      __________________________________________________________________________                       BU  BU      TST SDG EST GDU                                       VAR     PRM ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT SHD                                       #   PRM SHD ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              ABS % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   92  92  148.7                                                                             103 100 54.6                                                                              90  102 101                                       2   87  90  141.2                                                                             98  91  54.0                                                                              103 100 99                                        LOCS                                                                              14  12  67  67  68  18  49  33  30                                        REPS                                                                              14  12  94  94  95  21  71  38  43                                        DIFF                                                                              4   2   7.6 5   9   0.6 13  2   2                                         PROB                                                                              .000#                                                                             .051*                                                                             .001#                                                                             .003#                                                                             .000#                                                                             .051*                                                                             .005#                                                                             .588                                                                              .001#                              __________________________________________________________________________               GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT DRP                                       VAR SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK EAR                                       #   % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                                                                              % MN                               __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   103 99  100 100 108 115 100 101 100                                       2   98  101 97  98  98  83  99  98  99                                        LOCS                                                                              13  75  35  35  32  24  57  11  14                                        REPS                                                                              18  104 50  50  46  34  83  14  15                                        DIFF                                                                              5   1   3   2   10  32  1   3   1                                         PROB                                                                              .001#                                                                             .209                                                                              .000#                                                                             .407                                                                              .038+                                                                             .000#                                                                             .474                                                                              .257                                                                              .116                               __________________________________________________________________________               EYE ECB ECB                                                               VAR SPT DPE 2SC                                                               #   ABS ABS ABS                                                        __________________________________________________________________________    TOTAL SUM                                                                            1   7.5 96.6                                                                              8.0                                                               2   6.5 97.2                                                                              6.0                                                               LOCS                                                                              2   14  1                                                                 REPS                                                                              2   27  1                                                                 DIFF                                                                              1.0 0.7 2.0                                                               PROB                                                                              .000#                                                                             .531                                                           __________________________________________________________________________     * = 10% SIG                                                                   + = 5% SIG                                                                    # = 1% SIG                                                               

Deposits

Applicant has made a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of Inbred Maize LinePH0GP with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, Va.20110 U.S.A., ATCC Deposit No. 209727. The seeds deposited with the ATCCon Apr. 2, 1998 were taken from the deposit maintained by PioneerHi-Bred International, Inc., 700 Capital Square, 400 Locust Street, DesMoines, Iowa 50309-2340 since prior to the filing date of thisapplication. This deposit of the Inbred Maize Line PH0GP will bemaintained in the ATCC depository, which is a public depository, for aperiod of 30 years, or 5 years after the most recent request, or for theeffective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replacedif it becomes nonviable during that period. Additionally, Applicant hassatisfied all the requirements of 37 C.F.R. §§1.801-1.809, includingproviding an indication of the viability of the sample. Applicantimposes no restrictions on the availability of the deposited materialfrom the ATCC, however, Applicant has no authority to waive anyrestrictions imposed by law on the transfer of biological material orits transportation in commerce. Applicant does not waive anyinfringement of its rights granted under this patent or any rights thatmay accrue under the Plant Variety Protection Act (7 USC 2321 et seq.).

The foregoing invention has been described in detail by way ofillustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding.However, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications suchas single gene modifications and mutations, somoclonal variants, variantindividuals selected from large populations of the plants of the instantinbred and the like may be practiced within the scope of the invention,as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. Seed of maize inbred line designated PH0GP,representative samples having been deposited under ATCC Accession No.209727.
 2. A maize plant or its parts, of inbred line PH0GP,representative seed of said line having been deposited under ATCCAccession No.
 209727. 3. Pollen of the plant of claim
 2. 4. An ovule ofthe plant of claim
 2. 5. A maize plant, or parts thereof, having all thephysiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of claim 2.6. A male sterile maize plant, or parts thereof, otherwise having allthe physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant ofclaim
 2. 7. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of an inbred maizeplant PH0GP, representative seed of said inbred line having beendeposited under ATCC Accession No. 209727, wherein the tissueregenerates plants capable of expressing all the morphological andphysiological characteristics of said inbred line PH0GP.
 8. A tissueculture of claim 7, the cells or protoplasts being of a tissue selectedfrom the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, roots, root tips,anthers, silks, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, husks, and stalks.
 9. Amaize plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 7, capable ofexpressing all the morphological and physiological characteristics ofinbred line PH0GP, representative seed of which have been depositedunder ATCC Accession No.
 209727. 10. A method for producing firstgeneration (F₁) hybrid maize seed comprising crossing a first inbredparent maize plant with a second inbred parent maize plant andharvesting the resultant first generation (F₁) hybrid maize seed,wherein said first or second parent maize plant is the maize plant ofclaim
 2. 11. A process for producing inbred PH0GP comprising:planting acollection of seed comprising seed of a hybrid, one of whose parents isInbred PH0GP said collection also comprising seed of said inbred;growing plants from said collection of seed; identifying said inbredplants; selecting said inbred plant; and controlling pollination in amanner which preserves the homozygosity of said inbred plant.
 12. Theprocess of claim 11 wherein said step of identifying said inbred plantcomprises:identifying plants with decreased vigor.
 13. The process ofclaim 11 wherein said step of identifying said inbred plantcomprises:identifying seeds or plants with homozygous genotype.
 14. Themethod of claim 10 wherein inbred maize plant of claim 2 is the femaleor male parent.
 15. A method for producing a first generation (F₁)hybrid maize seed comprising crossing a first inbred parent maize plantwith a second inbred parent maize plant and harvesting the resultantfirst generation (F₁) hybrid maize seed, wherein said first or secondparent maize plant is the maize plant of claim
 5. 16. The method ofclaim 15 wherein inbred maize plant of claim 5 is the female or maleparent.
 17. An F₁ hybrid seed produced by crossing the inbred maizeplant according to claim 2 with another, different maize plant.
 18. AnF₁ hybrid plant, or parts thereof, grown from the seed of claim
 17. 19.An F₁ hybrid seed produced by crossing the inbred maize plant accordingto claim 5 with another, different maize plant.
 20. An F₁ hybrid plant,or parts thereof, grown from the seed of claim 19.